PMRSE

OUTLINE:

• Uniqueness of PMRSE technology
• General principles
• Capabilities
  • Areal surveys
  • Mapping
  • Vertical soundings
  • Modeling of geological objects
• Efficiency
• Environmental safety
• Areas of application (tested)
  • Oil and gas geology
  • Hard mineral deposits exploration
  • Environmental projects
  • Hydrogeology
  • Engineering geology

2. GENERAL OPERATION PRINCIPLES

• Non-intrusive measurements of Natural Pulse Electromagnetic Fields of the Earth (NP EMFE)
  
  
• Extraction of a useful signal from NP EMFE by means of magnetic-resonance way

AREAL SURVEYS

• The technology can be used both on land and at sea
• Measurements can be taken on foot or when using any other means of transport
• Investigations can be carried out indoors and in industrial and urban areas
• Tracing boundaries (delineation) of geological objects on land surface and at any specified depth
• Investigation of an internal structure of the objects of concern using method of intersections
• Obtaining the initial mapping data out in field
• Efficient adjustment of further survey network on the basis of the initial survey results

• While doing mapping, the operator records about 1800 measurements in an hour
• Application of GIS technologies allows to pass on from point measurements to areal characteristics of mineral deposits

• Provides data on geological sections (composition, thickness, sequence and bedding depth of rocks and hard minerals, aquifers, presence of oil and gas, tectonic faults, karst, etc.)
• Determines the presence and concentration of any substance of concern both in soil and in rocks in their natural occurrence
• Ensures high resolution:
  • 2-3 cm down to 100 m
  • 50 cm down to 10 000 m

MODELING OF GEOLOGICAL OBJECTS

• Lithologic sections without well-boring
• Structural maps with isolines and section maps showing any horizon of geological objects (deposits)
• Hydrogeologic maps with isohypses showing the top of water-bearing rocks
• Maps with isolines showing concentration of different minerals and any chemicals of concern at any depth below land surface
• Sections of deposits and other geological objects
• 3-D models of mineral deposits and any other geological objects

Example of plotting lithologic sections without well-boring	Example of a section plotted using the results of several soundings along the same line Example of a map plotted using the results of areal surveys and vertical soundings
3-D MODELING OF DEPOSITS Calculation of resources on the basis of a designed model of a deposit Monitoring of the development of a hydrocarbon deposit

5. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY

PMRSE technology has no environmental impact on either geological objects of concern or surrounding environment PMRSE technology can be successfully used in wildlife areas, parks, special nature reserves and on agricultural land

OIL AND GAS GEOLOGY

• Prospecting (detection and delineation of deposits)
• Oil and gas fields exploration (determining amount, thickness, structure, depth and areal boundary of productive horizons, defining composition and content of hydrocarbons, presence and location of water-oil and gas-water boundaries, investigation of structural and tectonic settings of deposits, salt tectonics, etc.)
• Resource Estimation
• Monitoring of the well-boring process (controlling the location of hole bottom, determining the depth of penetration of clay mortar and chemical agents into the stratum, section investigation preceding well-boring)
• Monitoring of movement of water-oil and water-gas boundaries (during field development)

FIELDS EXPLORATION

	Example of an oil field map plotted using PMRSE readings and data obtained by traditional methods of geological prospecting

Fragment of passive magnetic resonance sounding (PMRS) Hydrocarbon deposit in residual soil of crystal rocks below a salt deposit

Comparing PMRS data to standard by data
	Standard log: horizons are considered to be productive PMRS: horizons are considered to be water saturated reservoirs with indications of oil and gas Testing of horizons: water flow and indications of oil

Comparing PMRS data to standard by data
	PMRS: allowed to specify the depth and structure of productive horizons, location of the water-oil boundary in an active well (all measurements outside the well) Standard log: a productive horizon is missed

ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECTS
Investigation of chemical contamination of soils and groundwater

Mapping of plums of chemical contamination Detection of sources of contamination and direction of its migration Monitoring of plums of chemical contamination

ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

Example of investigations of developing fractures of a detached landslide in a densely populated urban area In the centre of the picture there is a building deformed by landslide movements

Investigations of engineering and geological settings for constructing buildings and structures Investigations of presence of gas and water in rocks where deep mining of fuels and other minerals takes place, with the PMRSE investigations preceding the advance of a bottom hole Detecting and mapping tectonic faults, karst and landslides

• Calibration of PMRSE readings against the data of reference wells, chemical and spectral analyses, seismography and data obtained by other methods of traditional geophysics on reference lines
• Interpretation of PMRSE readings taking into account tectonophysical and morfostructural investigations